| IHS
Mission & Goals: |
Groom
Skills,
Gather Evidence and
Generate Knowledge for people's health.
To Improve the
Efficacy,
Quality & Equity
of Health Systems. |
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Malaria
situation in Andhra Pradesh |
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Malaria is caused
by protozoal parasites of the genus Plasmodium . It is spread only by Anopheline
mosquitoes. Across the globe, approximately 300 million people are affected by Malaria and
1-1.5 million deaths annually are attributed to the disease. |
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Malaria is the
most prominent and problematic of all vector borne communicable diseases of Andhra
Pradesh. Three paradigms of malaria are observed in the state i.e., Tribal, Rural and
Urban. Many Programmes were implemented for the control of malaria. Currently, the
National Anti Malaria Programme is in vogue. This fact sheet presents the current data of
Malaria situation in Andhra Pradesh. |
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The figure-1 shows
the trend of combined incidence of both vivax malaria (API) and falciparum
malaria (AFI) cases in the state. During the 1970s, malaria incidence in the state had
increased by leaps and bounds. There after, since the 1980 malaria has been largely under
control. Recently there is a gradual increase in incidence of malaria. Recent increase in
incidence appears to have been contributed increases of both vivax and falciparum
malaria. |
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| Figure-1: Incidence trend of all forms of malaria and
falciparum malaria in AP, 1961-2000 |
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Directorate of Health - Malaria Programme Office, Andhra Pradesh. |
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Figure-2 shows
District wise malaria incidence based on a District wise analysis of malaria incidence
based on a cumulative blood smear data from 1991-2000 which helps us to identify malaria
endemic districts. Incidence of malaria has been very high in Vishakhapatnam district.
Other malarious districts are Adilabad, Khammam, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, East Godavari,
Krishna districts. Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, East Godavari, Cuddapah, Anantapur, Kurnool,
and Khammam districts experienced significant increase in malaria incidence during the
second half of the 1990s (1996-200) over the first half (1991-95) incidence. Deaths due to
malaria has been mostly observed in Vishakhapatnam, East Godavari, Srikakulam,
Vizianagaram, Adilabad, Krishna, Chittoor, and Khammam districts. Districts like Medak,
Nalgonda, Mahboobnagar, Chittoor, and Nellore appear to have been largely free of malaria.
The case fatality rate appears to be high in Chittoor district giving rise to some deaths
due to malaria, despite a generally low level of incidence. |
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| Figure-2: District wise malaria situation in AP during 1991-2000 |
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The Table-1 shows
District wise malaria incidence (API) from 1991-2000 in AP. The data shows that the
incidence of malaria is high in the second half of the decade (1996-2000) over the first
half (1991-95). |
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| Table-1:
AP district wise malaria incidence, 1991-2000 |
| District |
1991-2000 |
1991-95 |
1996-2000 |
| Vishakhapatnam |
8.41 |
8.46 |
8.35 |
| Krishna |
4.23 |
3.28 |
5.18 |
| Adilabad |
2.87 |
2.72 |
3.01 |
| Khammam |
2.46 |
2.06 |
2.86 |
| E-Godavari |
2.43 |
1.18 |
3.67 |
| Srikakulam |
2.22 |
1.97 |
2.46 |
| Kurnool |
1.93 |
1.16 |
2.70 |
| Cuddapah |
1.55 |
0.89 |
2.22 |
| Vizianagaram |
1.54 |
1.12 |
1.96 |
| All AP |
1.51 |
1.28 |
1.75 |
| Anantapur |
1.22 |
0.95 |
1.48 |
| Guntur |
0.95 |
1.13 |
0.76 |
| Hyderabad |
0.62 |
0.79 |
0.45 |
| Prakasam |
0.54 |
0.53 |
0.55 |
| Warangal |
0.52 |
0.41 |
0.62 |
| Karimnagar |
0.37 |
0.35 |
0.39 |
| Nizamabad |
0.37 |
0.65 |
0.09 |
| Rangareddy |
0.30 |
0.12 |
0.47 |
| W-Godavari |
0.20 |
0.21 |
0.19 |
| Nellore |
0.19 |
0.06 |
0.32 |
| Mahboobnagar |
0.13 |
0.12 |
0.14 |
| Chittoor |
0.08 |
0.04 |
0.11 |
| Medak |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
| Nalgonda |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
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Table-1: AP district wise malaria incidence, 1991-2000 |
| District |
1991-2000 |
1991-95 |
1996-2000 |
| Vishakhapatnam |
8.41 |
8.46 |
8.35 |
| Krishna |
4.23 |
3.28 |
5.18 |
| Adilabad |
2.87 |
2.72 |
3.01 |
| Khammam |
2.46 |
2.06 |
2.86 |
| E-Godavari |
2.43 |
1.18 |
3.67 |
| Srikakulam |
2.22 |
1.97 |
2.46 |
| Kurnool |
1.93 |
1.16 |
2.70 |
| Cuddapah |
1.55 |
0.89 |
2.22 |
| Vizianagaram |
1.54 |
1.12 |
1.96 |
| All AP |
1.51 |
1.28 |
1.75 |
| Anantapur |
1.22 |
0.95 |
1.48 |
| Guntur |
0.95 |
1.13 |
0.76 |
| Hyderabad |
0.62 |
0.79 |
0.45 |
| Prakasam |
0.54 |
0.53 |
0.55 |
| Warangal |
0.52 |
0.41 |
0.62 |
| Karimnagar |
0.37 |
0.35 |
0.39 |
| Nizamabad |
0.37 |
0.65 |
0.09 |
| Rangareddy |
0.30 |
0.12 |
0.47 |
| W-Godavari |
0.20 |
0.21 |
0.19 |
| Nellore |
0.19 |
0.06 |
0.32 |
| Mahboobnagar |
0.13 |
0.12 |
0.14 |
| Chittoor |
0.08 |
0.04 |
0.11 |
| Medak |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
| Nalgonda |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
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Updated
by Dhanaraj & Dr. Saikumar
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